Virtues

Eight Mental Dusts

Tenrikyo's eight recurring misuses of mind: miserliness, covetousness, hatred, self-love, grudge-bearing, anger, greed and arrogance.

Tradition or school
Tenrikyo
Framework type
Virtues
Authority classification
Traditional
Observance
Mixed requirements
Research status
Identified for research
Origin period
Nineteenth-century Tenrikyo teaching
Origin region
Japan
Attributed origin
Teachings of Nakayama Miki, known in Tenrikyo as Oyasama
Intended audience
Tenrikyo followers, with broader reflective application
Published constituent items
8
Last reviewed
28 June 2026

Names and terminology

Alternative names: Eight Dusts of the Mind

Primary texts and authority

Tenrikyo teachings and official explanatory literature concerning the dusts of the mind.

Rules, principles or steps

  1. Miserliness

    Do not cling to resources or effort when reasonable generosity and responsibility are called for.

    Mixed formulation · Context-dependent

  2. Covetousness

    Recognise and restrain possessive desire for what belongs to others.

    Mixed formulation · Context-dependent

  3. Hatred

    Challenge sustained hostility that dehumanises others.

    Mixed formulation · Context-dependent

  4. Self-love

    Avoid self-centred concern that disregards the equal needs of others.

    Mixed formulation · Context-dependent

  5. Grudge-bearing

    Do not preserve resentment as a continuing desire for retaliation.

    Mixed formulation · Context-dependent

  6. Anger

    Regulate anger so that it informs rather than controls action.

    Mixed formulation · Context-dependent

  7. Greed

    Restrain excessive acquisition and appetite.

    Mixed formulation · Context-dependent

  8. Arrogance

    Avoid inflated status claims and contempt for others.

    Mixed formulation · Context-dependent

Historical development

The metaphor compares harmful mental habits to dust that can accumulate but can also be repeatedly swept away through reflection and corrected conduct.

Variations

English translations vary slightly in rendering the individual dusts.

Traditional interpretation

The dusts are not treated as an essentially evil human nature but as correctable misuses of mind that obstruct the Joyous Life.

Controversies and disputes

Religious claims connecting mental states, illness and causality require careful distinction from evidence-based medical explanation.

Truth By Reason analysis

The metaphor encourages self-examination and change rather than permanent condemnation. It is ethically useful when it does not blame people for illness or excuse external injustice.

Ethical themes

  • Wisdom
  • Justice
  • Use of wealth
  • Compassion
  • Honesty
  • Self-control

Sources