Evidence and references
A growing library of sources used to examine claims, beliefs, scripture, politics, ethics, science, animal welfare, environment and public decisions.
This library is for sources used when examining claims, scripture, religion, politics, ethics, science, animal welfare, environment and other subjects covered by Truth By Reason.
News article Mainstream secondary source
Contemporary reporting on Volker Türk’s Human Rights Council warning and call for AI companies and governments to strengthen safety measures.
Official source Official source
United Nations explanation of arbitrary deprivation of liberty and the scope of the Working Group's mandate across different forms of detention.
Official source Official source
Official explanation of Community Notes, including contributor ratings, public display and the open publication of the scoring algorithm and data.
Official source Official source
Explains the interdependence of democracy, human rights, development and the rule of law.
Official source Official source
Explains freedom of expression, access to accurate and timely information, media pluralism and the role of journalists in democratic public participation.
Official source Official source
Official explanation of the OSCE media-freedom mandate, including monitoring developments, early warning and promotion of compliance with freedom-of-expression commitments.
Scripture / sacred text Primary source
An early Svetambara Jain canonical text concerned with ascetic discipline, nonviolence, restraint and the conduct associated with Mahavira.
Official source Official source
United Nations explanation of legal aid as a means of ensuring access to justice for poor, marginalised and disadvantaged people.
Official source Official source
Independent statutory committee assessment recommending consideration of a coordinated UK-wide ban on the sale of glue traps capable of rodent capture.
Legal / government document Official source
Primary legislation recognising animals as sentient beings for the statutory accountability mechanism governing UK ministerial policy decisions.
Scripture / sacred text Primary source
An Anishinabek Nation publication identifying the seven teachings.
Book Primary source
Plato's presentation of Socrates' defence at his trial, including his account of wisdom, questioning and moral duty.
Historical source Primary source
Perseus scholarly text of Aristotle's Metaphysics in the Hugh Tredennick translation.
Historical source Primary source
Perseus scholarly text of Aristotle's Nicomachean Ethics in H. Rackham's translation.
Historical source Primary source
Perseus scholarly text of Aristotle's Politics in H. Rackham's translation.
Legal / government document Official source
Official case-law guide explaining European Convention standards concerning access to court, procedural fairness, tribunal independence and the determination of civil rights and obligations.
Legal / government document Official source
European Court of Human Rights case-law guide covering privacy, family life, home, correspondence, identity, personal data and state obligations.
Official source Official source
NIST guidance on identifying and managing risks associated with generative AI across the AI lifecycle.
Official source Primary source
Official BWNS report on the 50th annual Association for Bahá’í Studies conference and its focus on scholarship for the common good.
Official source Primary source
HAF event built around a short film examining how Hinduism is represented in education and how communities respond to inaccurate portrayals.
Academic / peer reviewed Academic / peer reviewed
Academic overview of probability, evidence and rational updating.
Scripture / sacred text Primary source
Translation of the passage listing the twenty-six divine qualities.
Official source Primary source
WJC event on sustained Muslim-Jewish dialogue, religious intolerance, antisemitism, Islamophobia and peaceful coexistence.
Official source Primary source
Official Catholic summary of corporal and spiritual works of mercy.
Academic / peer reviewed Academic / peer reviewed
Overview of causal models, interventions, counterfactuals and inference from statistical relationships.
research high
Independent assessment of political rights and civil liberties in China, including Communist Party control, restrictions on opposition, media, civil society, religion and public participation.
research high
Assessment of internet access, censorship, surveillance, content control and legal or extralegal consequences for online activity in China.
Historical source Primary source
Perseus text of Cicero's De Officiis in Walter Miller's English translation.
Scientific source Official source
Cochrane guidance on evaluating certainty of evidence using factors such as risk of bias, inconsistency, indirectness, imprecision and publication bias.
Scientific source Academic / peer reviewed
Large quasi-experimental study of 237,180 community-fact-checked cascades finding a 61.2% reduction in subsequent reposting after notes appeared and a smaller 14.9% reduction in total engagement.
Academic / peer reviewed Academic / peer reviewed
Academic discussion of Confucian ethics and its central virtues.
Academic / peer reviewed Academic / peer reviewed
Academic overview of consequentialist ethical theories.
Official source Official source
Official Party constitution describing the Communist Party of China as the highest force for political leadership and establishing its leadership over state and social development.
Legal / government document Official source
Official constitutional text stating that leadership by the Communist Party of China is the defining feature of socialism with Chinese characteristics and describing China as a socialist state under a people's democratic dictatorship.
Academic / peer reviewed Academic / peer reviewed
Academic overview of constructivist accounts of normative truth.
Legal / government document Official source
International treaty defining torture and requiring states to prevent, investigate and punish it, exclude statements obtained through torture and protect people from transfer to a serious risk of torture.
Book Primary source
A dialogue in which Socrates considers justice, escape from prison, obligation and whether wrongdoing can answer wrongdoing.
Scripture / sacred text Primary source
A foundational Daoist text concerned with the Dao, virtue, simplicity, naturalness, government, humility and non-forcing.
Academic / peer reviewed Academic / peer reviewed
A scholarly overview of Daoist philosophy, terminology, historical development and the roles of Laozi and Zhuangzi.
Official source Mainstream secondary source
JAINA description of Das Lakshan and the ten supreme virtues.
Academic / peer reviewed Academic / peer reviewed
Academic overview of deflationary approaches to truth.
Official source Official source
United Nations overview explaining the relationship between democracy, human rights, development, peace and accountable government.
research high
Comparative academic assessment of democracy and autocracy using multiple indicators, expert-coded data and regime classifications.
Academic / peer reviewed Academic / peer reviewed
The 2026 V-Dem Democracy Report examines global democracy and autocratisation, including censorship, disinformation, repression of civil society and attacks on democratic institutions.
Academic / peer reviewed Academic / peer reviewed
Academic overview of duties, rights and deontological ethics.
Official source Official source
International IDEA report examining how elected governments weaken democratic institutions and how constitutional design can make those institutions more resistant to backsliding.
Scripture / sacred text Primary source
Primary Torah passage containing the Deuteronomic form of the Decalogue.
Scripture / sacred text Primary source
An English translation of Dhammapada verses 1 and 2. The verses state that mind precedes thoughts and that suffering or happiness follows speech and action undertaken with an impure or pure mind.
Book Primary source
A participant-observer and journalistic study of modern Pagan religions, Wicca, Goddess traditions and related communities in the United States.
Official source Official source
OSCE explanation of elections as the backbone of democratic societies and of the importance of equality, universality, pluralism, confidence, transparency and accountability.
Historical source Primary source
University-hosted text of Epictetus's Enchiridion in Elizabeth Carter's translation.
Academic / peer reviewed Academic / peer reviewed
Philosophical analysis of when testimony can justify belief, including expert and group testimony.
Legal / government document Official source
Regional human-rights convention whose Article 5 protects liberty and security and limits the circumstances in which a person may lawfully be deprived of liberty.
Legal / government document Official source
Regional human-rights convention whose Article 3 absolutely prohibits torture and inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment.
Academic / peer reviewed Academic / peer reviewed
Scholarly overview of the philosophical concept of evidence, including its relationship to justification, knowledge and rational belief.
Scripture / sacred text Primary source
Primary Torah passage containing one form of the Decalogue.
research high
Eight-factor framework covering constraints on government powers, absence of corruption, open government, fundamental rights, security, regulatory enforcement, civil justice and criminal justice.
Legal / government document Official source
Official United States federal evidentiary rules. Rule 401 provides a useful legal formulation of relevance in terms of whether evidence makes a consequential fact more or less probable.
Official source Primary source
Church of England announcement of the first Festival of Creation in Christ in the Common Worship calendar.
Academic / peer reviewed Academic / peer reviewed
Academic overview of formal approaches to rational belief.
Other Mainstream secondary source
Methodology for assessing political rights and civil liberties, including elections, pluralism, government functioning, expression, association, rule of law and personal autonomy.
Official source Official source
Council of Europe explanation of freedom of association under Article 11, including associations, political parties and trade unions.
Official source Official source
ILO explanation of the right of workers and employers to form and join organisations of their own choosing as part of a free and open society.
Legal / government document Official source
ILO Convention No. 87 protecting the right of workers and employers to establish and join organisations of their own choosing without previous authorisation.
Official source Official source
Council of Europe standards and programmes concerning the protection of freedom of expression and human rights on the internet.
Official source Official source
UNESCO material concerning online expression, platform governance, disinformation and a human-rights-based digital environment.
Official source Official source
United Nations human-rights material explaining freedom of expression as a fundamental right protected by international law.
Official source Official source
UNESCO programme material connecting freedom of expression, media freedom, legal protection, judicial practice and the rule of law.
Official source Official source
Council of Europe explanation of Article 10, press freedom and the importance of expression as a foundation of democratic society.
Official source Official source
OSCE/ODIHR explanation that peaceful assemblies are presumed lawful, should not require prior permission and may be restricted only where lawful, necessary, proportionate and non-discriminatory.
Official source Official source
OSCE/ODIHR material explaining freedom of religion or belief as a universal human right and describing monitoring, legal review and support for implementation.
Official source Official source
Policy guidance explaining how security measures can be designed consistently with freedom of religion or belief and international human-rights obligations.
Scripture / sacred text Mainstream secondary source
New Testament passage listing the qualities called the fruit of the Spirit.
Scripture / sacred text Primary source
A collection of Gardnerian Wiccan rituals, instructions and liturgical materials. Wicca has no single universal Book of Shadows accepted by every tradition.
Legal / government document Official source
Human Rights Committee interpretation of the right to privacy, family, home and correspondence and the need for legal protection against arbitrary or unlawful interference.
Legal / government document Official source
Human Rights Committee interpretation of Article 7 of the ICCPR, covering physical and mental suffering, prevention, detention safeguards, medical experimentation and non-refoulement.
Legal / government document Official source
Authoritative interpretation explaining that Article 18 protects theistic, non-theistic and atheistic beliefs, as well as the right not to profess any religion or belief.
Legal / government document Official source
Human Rights Committee interpretation of Article 14 covering equality before courts, independent tribunals, public hearings, presumption of innocence and minimum criminal-trial guarantees.
Legal / government document Official source
Authoritative Human Rights Committee interpretation of Article 19 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights.
Legal / government document Official source
Human Rights Committee interpretation of the right to liberty and security, including arbitrariness, arrest procedures, pre-trial detention, judicial review, compensation and non-criminal detention.
Legal / government document Official source
Authoritative interpretation of Article 21 explaining the scope of peaceful assembly and the obligations of states to respect, protect and facilitate assemblies.
Scripture / sacred text Mainstream secondary source
Teachings on spiritual life, humanity and justice.
Official source Official source
Official address in which the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights warned that advanced AI could pose an existential risk and called for stronger safeguards and independent verification.
Legal / government document Official source
Primary legislation establishing offences relating to rodent glue traps in England and providing for exceptional licensed professional use.
Religious commentary Commentary / interpretation
Explanation of refuge and the five lay training precepts in Buddhist practice.
Official source Official source
Formal government response acknowledging the welfare problem, current legal sale in England, differences across the UK and the possible case for a coordinated sale ban.
Legal / government document Official source
Council of Europe guide summarising European Court of Human Rights case law on freedom of peaceful assembly and association.
Legal / government document Official source
Official case-law guide covering torture, inhuman and degrading treatment, state responsibility, investigations, detention conditions, removal and positive protection duties.
Legal / government document Official source
Official case-law guide covering deprivation of liberty, lawful grounds for detention, procedural safeguards, judicial review and compensation under Article 5.
Official source Official source
Methodological guidance for independent monitoring of assemblies, including policing, facilitation, restrictions and the treatment of participants, observers and journalists.
Scripture / sacred text Primary source
Chinese text and commentary for the passage describing Laozi's Three Treasures.
Other Mainstream secondary source
Large-scale demographic research describing global religious affiliation and change using censuses, surveys and population registers.
Official source Official source
United Nations guidance explaining that genuine elections depend on interlocking rights, impartial law, accountable institutions and freedom of participation, expression, assembly and association.
Academic / peer reviewed Academic / peer reviewed
Scholarly account of the Zoroastrian ethical formula of good thought, word and deed.
Scientific source Official source
Assessment, special and methodology reports evaluating scientific knowledge about climate change, impacts, risks and response options.
Scientific source Academic / peer reviewed
Consensus study report reviewing scientific evidence on eyewitness identification and recommended safeguards.
Religious commentary Commentary / interpretation
Jain account of the five principal vows and their role in ascetic and lay ethics.
Scientific source Academic / peer reviewed
International expert review of general-purpose AI capabilities and risks, including malicious use, malfunction, systemic risks and uncertain loss-of-control scenarios.
Legal / government document Official source
International treaty whose Article 9 protects liberty and security, prohibits arbitrary arrest or detention and establishes safeguards including prompt information, judicial review and compensation.
Legal / government document Official source
International treaty protecting work, social security, adequate living standards, health, education and participation in cultural life.
Official source Official source
Compilation of international standards protecting freedom of thought, conscience, religion and belief, including freedom from coercion and freedom to change or reject religion.
Official source Primary source
WCC report on Christian and Muslim leaders meeting in Rome through the Interreligious Platform for Dialogue and Cooperation in the Arab World.
Official source Official source
Council of Europe explanation of human rights as universal, inalienable, indivisible and interdependent.
Academic / peer reviewed Academic / peer reviewed
Academic introduction discussing the Confucian five relationships and their social context.
Official source Official source
An official Pagan Federation introduction describing broad features found across modern Pagan traditions, including nature veneration and diverse understandings of deity.
Academic / peer reviewed Academic / peer reviewed
A scholarly overview of Jain metaphysics, epistemology, ethics, nonviolence, non-absolutism, karma and liberation.
Official source Official source
International guidance on legislation and state practice concerning the creation, operation, regulation and dissolution of associations.
Legal / government document Official source
Council of Europe recommendation addressing judicial independence, appointments, tenure, responsibilities, court administration and the conditions needed for judges to decide cases impartially.
Official source Official source
Council of Europe material explaining the importance of strengthening judicial independence and impartiality within democratic systems.
Scripture / sacred text Mainstream secondary source
An early Japanese chronicle containing foundational Shinto narratives.
Official source Official source
Council of Europe material explaining the legal safeguards needed to protect media independence, diversity and pluralism.
Scripture / sacred text Primary source
Translation of a Buddhist discourse defining the eight factors of the Noble Eightfold Path.
Historical source Primary source
University-hosted George Long translation of Marcus Aurelius's Meditations.
Scripture / sacred text Primary source
Gospel passage joining love of God with love of one's neighbour.
Scripture / sacred text Primary source
The eight beatitudes in the opening section of the Sermon on the Mount.
Official source Official source
Council of Europe material describing freedom of expression and media freedom as pillars of democratic security and emphasising independence, pluralism and journalist safety.
Official source Official source
Private philosophical reflections by the Roman emperor Marcus Aurelius on virtue, duty, mortality and reason.
Scripture / sacred text Primary source
A foundational Confucian text addressing human nature, compassion, moral cultivation, political legitimacy and government for the welfare of the people.
Academic / peer reviewed Academic / peer reviewed
Academic account of Mencius, moral cultivation and the four beginnings of virtue.
Scripture / sacred text Mainstream secondary source
A major medieval codification of Jewish law.
Academic / peer reviewed Academic / peer reviewed
Academic overview of moral anti-realism.
Official source Official source
A collection of philosophical letters addressing time, death, friendship, virtue, wealth and practical Stoic life.
Academic / peer reviewed Academic / peer reviewed
Academic overview of moral realism.
Academic / peer reviewed Academic / peer reviewed
Academic examination of moral relativism and moral diversity.
Religious commentary Primary source
Plum Village report on peer-reviewed research into the Zen and the Art of Saving the Planet course and engaged Buddhist practice.
Scripture / sacred text Mainstream secondary source
An early Japanese chronicle relevant to Shinto development.
Official source Official source
Official Community Notes documentation explaining when proposed notes earn a Helpful status and become visible to users.
Official source Primary source
Official photographic record of the Dalai Lama leading novice monk and nun ordination for candidates mostly from Taiwan in Dharamsala.
Legal / government document Official source
Collection of OSCE commitments recognising that democratic government is based upon the will of the people expressed through regular, genuine, free and fair elections.
Official source Primary source
Official Church Newsroom release for the October 2026 World Report, covering global church activity, humanitarian work, temples and leadership.
Official source Official source
Seneca's examination of time, distraction and the failure to use a finite life wisely.
Legal / government document Official source
International protocol establishing systems of independent visits to places where people are deprived of liberty to prevent torture and ill-treatment.
Official source Official source
European Parliament study examining the perpetrators, methods and effects of transnational repression globally and within the European Union, with possible institutional counter-strategies.
Other Mainstream secondary source
Demographic research on global religious affiliation and change.
Book Primary source
A dialogue describing Socrates' final hours and examining death, philosophy, the soul and arguments for immortality.
Academic / peer reviewed Academic / peer reviewed
Academic explanation of the Epicurean tetrapharmakos or fourfold remedy.
Historical source Primary source
Perseus scholarly text of Plato's Apology in the Harold North Fowler translation.
Historical source Primary source
Perseus scholarly text of Plato's Republic in the Paul Shorey translation.
Official source Primary source
Official Vatican News report on Pope Leo XIV’s address to Dominican contemplative nuns about silence, attention and spiritual life.
Academic / peer reviewed Academic / peer reviewed
Academic examination of reasoning about what to do.
Official source Official source
UNESCO explanation of press freedom as the ability of journalists and media organisations to operate independently without censorship or improper interference.
Official source Mainstream secondary source
Official Quakers in Britain explanation of simplicity, truth, equality and peace as testimonies.
Scripture / sacred text Primary source
Three Qur'anic verses containing a connected series of religious and ethical injunctions.
Academic / peer reviewed Academic / peer reviewed
Academic analysis of reasons that justify, motivate or explain action.
Official source Primary source
MWL report on religious participation in AI ethics discussions during UN General Assembly high-level week in New York.
Official source Official source
United Nations report examining how digital surveillance technologies can interfere with privacy, journalism, source protection, activism and freedom of expression.
Scientific source Academic / peer reviewed
Consensus study examining reproducibility, replicability, uncertainty and the ways cumulative evidence contributes to confidence in scientific findings.
Scientific source Academic / peer reviewed
Consensus study report defining reproducibility and replicability and examining their role in scientific reliability.
Official source Official source
Official resolution stating that Communist Party leadership is the defining feature of China's socialist system and that the Party is the highest force for political leadership.
Legal / government document Official source
Council of Europe explanation of the right to elect representatives through secret voting and its importance for representation, legitimacy and public confidence.
Official source Official source
Explains how the rule of law subjects the exercise of public power to agreed rules and supports the protection of human rights.
Official source Official source
Explanation of the mutually reinforcing relationship between human rights and the rule of law.
Official source Official source
UNESCO material on protecting journalists, preventing violence, strengthening legal protection and addressing impunity.
Scripture / sacred text Primary source
Hadith listing the five practices commonly known as the Five Pillars of Islam.
Scripture / sacred text Primary source
Early Buddhist discourse describing ten wholesome and unwholesome courses of bodily, verbal and mental action.
Scripture / sacred text Primary source
Rabbinic source identifying seven commandments understood as applying to the descendants of Noah.
Academic / peer reviewed Academic / peer reviewed
Scholarly review of scientific methods, observation, experimentation, hypothesis testing, statistical reasoning and methodological pluralism.
Scripture / sacred text Mainstream secondary source
A systematic enumeration of the traditional 613 commandments.
Scripture / sacred text Mainstream secondary source
Teachings on service, equality, education and peace.
Official source Mainstream secondary source
Official English presentation of the Sikh code of conduct and conventions published by the Shiromani Gurdwara Parbandhak Committee.
Academic / peer reviewed Academic / peer reviewed
Academic scholarly organisation supporting critical study of biblical and related literature.
Academic / peer reviewed Academic / peer reviewed
Peer-reviewed and expert-maintained reference work covering major areas, questions and traditions in philosophy.
Other Mainstream secondary source
Report documenting direct physical incidents of transnational repression and examining the governments, host countries, victims and methods involved.
Academic / peer reviewed Academic / peer reviewed
Academic overview of Stoic ethics and the four cardinal virtues.
Legal / government document Official source
United Nations resolution supporting the Bangalore Principles of Judicial Conduct, including independence, impartiality, integrity, propriety, equality, competence and diligence.
Official source Official source
Official information about the international preventive body that visits places of detention and advises states and national preventive mechanisms on preventing torture and ill-treatment.
Official source Mainstream secondary source
Taoist Federation of Singapore account of the five basic Taoist precepts.
Scripture / sacred text Primary source
A systematic Jain philosophical text covering right faith, knowledge, conduct, souls, karma, cosmology and liberation.
Official source Mainstream secondary source
Official Tenrikyo explanation of the eight mental dusts.
Official source Primary source
Official four-part defining statement adopted by Humanists International in 2022.
Scripture / sacred text Primary source
A foundational Confucian collection of sayings, dialogues and accounts associated with Confucius and his followers.
Scripture / sacred text Primary source
English translation containing the ten grave and forty-eight minor bodhisattva precepts.
Scripture / sacred text Primary source
An influential Wiccan ritual text in which the Goddess addresses practitioners through themes of freedom, joy, reverence and spiritual experience.
Academic / peer reviewed Academic / peer reviewed
Academic examination of coherence theories of truth.
Academic / peer reviewed Academic / peer reviewed
Academic examination of correspondence theories of truth.
Academic / peer reviewed Academic / peer reviewed
Academic examination of descriptive and normative morality.
Scripture / sacred text Primary source
Public-domain English translation of the Dhammapada, a canonical Buddhist text.
Scripture / sacred text Primary source
A translation of Dhammapada verses 1 and 2 stating that mind precedes mental states and that actions performed with an impure or pure mind are followed by suffering or happiness.
Scripture / sacred text Mainstream secondary source
A translated Buddhist canonical text explicitly concerning the six perfections.
Official source Official source
Extended discussions of Stoic responsibility, judgement, freedom, discipline and the proper use of impressions.
Official source Official source
A concise handbook of Stoic practice compiled from the teachings of Epictetus.
Academic / peer reviewed Academic / peer reviewed
Academic examination of how beliefs are based on reasons.
Official source Official source
Teachings of the early Stoics survive mainly through fragments and reports preserved by later writers.
Scripture / sacred text Mainstream secondary source
A modern institutional statement of reverence, gratitude, harmony and service.
Other Mainstream secondary source
Freedom in the World 2026 overview reporting global changes in political rights and civil liberties during 2025.
Scripture / sacred text Primary source
Institutional explanation of the five widely recognised essential objectives.
Official source Official source
A surviving early Stoic hymn connecting Zeus with universal reason, natural order and providence.
Scripture / sacred text Mainstream secondary source
The principal book of laws of the Bahá’í Faith.
Religious commentary Commentary / interpretation
An investigation of the quotation's attribution to the Buddha. It concludes that the wording is not scriptural and may have developed as a loose modern rendering of the opening verses of the Dhammapada.
Scripture / sacred text Primary source
Official English presentation of the Cao Dai New Canonical Codes.
Religious commentary Commentary / interpretation
Inclusive Heathen discussion of the Nine Noble Virtues as a modern interpretation of medieval literature.
Academic / peer reviewed Academic / peer reviewed
Academic overview of pragmatic approaches to truth and inquiry.
research high
Framework for protecting electoral integrity through risk management, resilience, cooperation and responses to threats and crises.
Book Primary source
Plato's extended dialogue on justice, education, knowledge, political order, the soul and the Form of the Good.
Official source Official source
United Nations report examining privacy, surveillance, personal data, digital technologies and the human-rights responsibilities of states and businesses.
Legal / government document Official source
Human Rights Council resolution addressing privacy, surveillance, personal data, digital technology and protection against arbitrary or unlawful interference.
research high
Analysis of how independent courts restrain improper influence, protect equality, provide remedies and defend human rights.
Scripture / sacred text Primary source
The organisation's official statement of its seven tenets.
Religious commentary Commentary / interpretation
Collection of Jewish textual sources concerning the Noahide laws.
Book Primary source
An influential modern Pagan and witchcraft text addressing Goddess spirituality, ritual, magic, ecology, personal power and community.
Religious commentary Commentary / interpretation
Traditional formulation of the ten training precepts observed by Buddhist novices.
Academic / peer reviewed Academic / peer reviewed
Study of the origin and later use of the modern Three Pillars formulation.
Scripture / sacred text Mainstream secondary source
The primary scriptural basis for many Jewish commandments.
Official source Commentary / interpretation
JAINA explanation of the twelve limited vows traditionally undertaken by Jain householders.
Religious commentary Commentary / interpretation
Practitioner account identifying the Rede as modern guidance rather than an ancient universal law.
Scientific source Academic / peer reviewed
Large-scale study of the diffusion of true and false news on Twitter, providing background evidence on why speed and virality matter to misinformation interventions.
Official source Official source
United Nations material explaining judicial integrity as a core requirement for trustworthy justice and the prevention of corruption.
Official source Official source
UNESCO overview of violence against journalists, censorship, misinformation and disinformation as threats to press freedom, access to reliable information and democracy.
Official source Official source
United Nations Human Rights Office guidance explaining transnational repression, the people commonly targeted, the methods used and the responsibilities of states.
Other Mainstream secondary source
Research project documenting physical attacks, long-distance threats, mobility controls and the co-option of host-country institutions used against exiles and diaspora communities.
Legal / government document Official source
Council of Europe Parliamentary Assembly Resolution 2509 addressing transnational repression, protection of exiles and human-rights defenders, and possible abuse of international policing mechanisms.
Academic / peer reviewed Academic / peer reviewed
Philosophical analysis of trust, trustworthiness and when trust is rationally warranted.
Academic / peer reviewed Academic / peer reviewed
Academic overview of major philosophical approaches to truth.
Official source Primary source
Truth By Reason's comparative synthesis of the ethical principles contained in the published Ethical Codes catalogue.
Other Primary source
Original philosophical essay developed by Truth By Reason from first-principles reasoning about existence, need, desire, action and social reality.
Official source Official source
UNESCO's official overview of culture, cultural heritage, creativity and the role of culture in communities and development.
Scripture / sacred text Primary source
The current UUA covenant of shared values adopted in 2024.
Legal / government document Official source
United Nations principles recognising legal aid as an essential element of a fair, humane and effective criminal-justice system.
Legal / government document Official source
Foundational international declaration. Article 19 protects freedom of opinion and expression, including the freedom to seek, receive and impart information and ideas through any media and across borders.
Legal / government document Official source
Foundational international declaration setting out civil, political, economic, social and cultural rights for everyone.
Official source Official source
Updated assessment framework covering legality, legal certainty, prevention of abuse of power, equality, access to justice, judicial independence and modern technological and private-sector challenges.
Legal / government document Official source
International declaration reaffirming that human rights are universal, indivisible, interdependent and interrelated.
Academic / peer reviewed Academic / peer reviewed
Academic overview of virtue ethics.
Official source Official source
United Nations explanation of human rights as rights inherent to all human beings regardless of nationality, sex, origin, religion, language or other status.
research high
Framework describing the rule of law through accountability, just law, open government and accessible and impartial justice.
Official source Official source
United Nations definition of the rule of law as a system in which everyone, including the State itself, is accountable to publicly promulgated, equally enforced and independently adjudicated laws.
Academic / peer reviewed Mainstream secondary source
Reference overview of Wicca's modern origins, development, beliefs and principal historical figures.
Book Primary source
Gardner's influential public account of witchcraft and the religious movement that became known as Wicca.
Official source Official source
An insider overview of Wicca and religious witchcraft, including initiation, coven practice and modern traditions.
Official source Official source
United Nations mechanism investigating alleged arbitrary deprivation of liberty through communications, urgent appeals, opinions, country visits and thematic work.
Academic / peer reviewed Academic / peer reviewed
Academic overview of Patañjali's Yoga Sutras, including the yamas and niyamas.
Scripture / sacred text Primary source
A foundational Daoist collection using stories, paradox, humour and argument to examine perspective, language, freedom, nature, change and human limitation.
