A rabbinic seven-law framework
The familiar list is not written as seven numbered laws in Genesis. It is a rabbinic framework preserved in the Talmud and connected through interpretation to biblical narratives about humanity before and after the flood.
Universal scope
The framework distinguishes obligations understood to apply to all human beings from the much larger body of commandments binding Jews.
Modern assessment
Protection against murder, theft and cruelty is widely defensible. Blasphemy and religious-allegiance rules become ethically dangerous when enforced against freedom of conscience or expression.