Ethical score profile
This assessment does not reduce the subject to one moral
ranking. Each dimension is scored separately from −100 to
+100 and must be read with its evidence and uncertainty.
Scorecard status:
Recalculated under multidimensional system
- Personal moral conduct
-
+70.8
Plausible range:
+55.8
to
+85.8
- Rights and dignity
-
+65.5
Plausible range:
+50.5
to
+80.5
- Nonviolence and harm
-
+10.0
Plausible range:
-5.0
to
+25.0
- Stewardship of power
-
+62.0
Plausible range:
+47.0
to
+77.0
- Wisdom and truthfulness
-
+68.9
Plausible range:
+53.9
to
+83.9
- Consequential legacy
-
+67.1
Plausible range:
+52.1
to
+82.1
- Severe-harm record
- No separate finding recorded
- Evidence confidence
- C — moderate
Scope of assessment
Historical politician assessment. Corazon Aquino became the civilian leader of opposition to Ferdinand Marcos and helped restore elections, constitutional government, civil liberties and an independent legislature after dictatorship. Her government survived repeated coup attempts without establishing another permanent dictatorship. It also failed to deliver comprehensive land redistribution, retained powerful landed interests and bore governmental responsibility for counterinsurgency abuses and the 1987 Mendiola killing of protesting farmers.
The score evaluates documented public conduct during the stated period. It does not measure inherent human worth, does not constitute a legal verdict and remains open to correction when stronger evidence becomes available.
Reasoned conclusion
Aquino's restoration of democracy is ethically significant, but failure to control state violence and deliver meaningful agrarian justice substantially reduces the score.
This assessment presents six separate ethical dimensions rather than one overall moral score. Each result must be read with its evidence, plausible range, confidence, disputes, exclusions, severe-harm findings and sources.
Ethical-domain scores
| Domain |
Score |
Intensity |
Confidence |
| Consequences |
+68.0 |
68.0
|
C — moderate
|
| Rights and duties |
+82.0 |
82.0
|
C — moderate
|
| Virtue and character |
+10.0 |
10.0
|
C — moderate
|
| Intentions |
+74.0 |
74.0
|
C — moderate
|
| Care |
+62.0 |
62.0
|
C — moderate
|
| Justice |
+48.0 |
48.0
|
C — moderate
|
| Wisdom and judgment |
+64.0 |
64.0
|
C — moderate
|
| Baseline ethics |
+66.0 |
66.0
|
C — moderate
|
Bipolar ethical variables
| Positive pole |
Negative pole |
Score |
Intensity |
Confidence |
Reasoning |
| Human dignity |
Dehumanisation |
+66.0 |
66.0
|
C — moderate
|
Calculated from 1 reviewed evidence item(s) concerning Human dignity and Dehumanisation. |
| Care |
Neglect |
+62.0 |
62.0
|
C — moderate
|
Calculated from 1 reviewed evidence item(s) concerning Care and Neglect. |
| Benefit |
Harm |
+68.0 |
68.0
|
C — moderate
|
Calculated from 1 reviewed evidence item(s) concerning Benefit and Harm. |
| Benevolent intention |
Malicious intention |
+74.0 |
74.0
|
C — moderate
|
Calculated from 1 reviewed evidence item(s) concerning Benevolent intention and Malicious intention. |
| Justice |
Injustice |
+48.0 |
48.0
|
C — moderate
|
Calculated from 1 reviewed evidence item(s) concerning Justice and Injustice. |
| Respect for rights |
Violation of rights |
+82.0 |
82.0
|
C — moderate
|
Calculated from 1 reviewed evidence item(s) concerning Respect for rights and Violation of rights. |
| Integrity |
Corruption |
+10.0 |
10.0
|
C — moderate
|
Calculated from 1 reviewed evidence item(s) concerning Integrity and Corruption. |
| Wisdom |
Ignorance |
+64.0 |
64.0
|
C — moderate
|
Calculated from 1 reviewed evidence item(s) concerning Wisdom and Ignorance. |
Principal positive evidence
Aquino helped remove an entrenched dictatorship and restored constitutional democracy, elections and a bill of rights.
Principal negative evidence
Land reform remained compromised, inequality persisted and security forces committed serious violence, including the Mendiola killings.
Evidence considered
AQU-C1
Compassion and reduction of suffering
Ending dictatorship and restoring civil freedoms reduced widespread political fear and abuse.
- Ethical axis
-
Benefit ↔ Harm
- Ethical direction
- Positive pole
- Evidence status
- Verified
- Period
- National political leadership, 1983–1992
- Affected scope
- Philippines
AQU-R1
Rights, dignity and equality
The restored constitution and elections substantially advanced political and civil rights.
- Ethical axis
-
Respect for rights ↔ Violation of rights
- Ethical direction
- Positive pole
- Evidence status
- Verified
- Period
- National political leadership, 1983–1992
- Affected scope
- Philippines
AQU-V1
Violence and bodily harm
Her administration did not establish systematic mass terror, but security forces killed protesters and committed abuses.
- Ethical axis
-
Integrity ↔ Corruption
- Ethical direction
- Positive pole
- Evidence status
- Verified
- Period
- National political leadership, 1983–1992
- Affected scope
- Philippines
AQU-I1
Intellectual honesty and epistemic responsibility
She acknowledged democratic limits and constitutional process, while government narratives sometimes minimised continuing harm.
- Ethical axis
-
Benevolent intention ↔ Malicious intention
- Ethical direction
- Positive pole
- Evidence status
- Verified
- Period
- National political leadership, 1983–1992
- Affected scope
- Philippines
AQU-CA1
Coercion, authority and accountability
She restored separated institutions and relinquished office, though transitional powers were initially extensive.
- Ethical axis
-
Care ↔ Neglect
- Ethical direction
- Positive pole
- Evidence status
- Verified
- Period
- National political leadership, 1983–1992
- Affected scope
- Philippines
AQU-J1
Justice and fairness
Failure to redistribute land fairly and obtain accountability for Mendiola seriously weakened social justice.
- Ethical axis
-
Justice ↔ Injustice
- Ethical direction
- Positive pole
- Evidence status
- Verified
- Period
- National political leadership, 1983–1992
- Affected scope
- Philippines
AQU-W1
Wisdom and practical judgment
Managing transition through repeated coups showed resilience, but agrarian and security policy remained ineffective.
- Ethical axis
-
Wisdom ↔ Ignorance
- Ethical direction
- Positive pole
- Evidence status
- Verified
- Period
- National political leadership, 1983–1992
- Affected scope
- Philippines
AQU-B1
Overall benevolence and ethical legacy
The democratic legacy is positive but materially compromised by inequality and state violence.
- Ethical axis
-
Human dignity ↔ Dehumanisation
- Ethical direction
- Positive pole
- Evidence status
- Verified
- Period
- National political leadership, 1983–1992
- Affected scope
- Philippines
Sources
-
Corazon Aquino
— Encyclopaedia Britannica
(Biographical reference; accessed 2026)
Evidence item AQU-B1;
Supports the evidence item.
View source
-
From Housewife to President: The Story of Cory Aquino
— Martial Law Museum
(Historical educational source; accessed 2026)
Evidence item AQU-B1;
Supports the evidence item.
View source
-
Philippine agrarian reform and the Mendiola Massacre
— Office of the Ombudsman of the Philippines
(Institutional study; accessed 2026)
Evidence item AQU-B1;
Supports the evidence item.
View source
-
Proclamation No. 3, s. 1986
— Official Gazette of the Republic of the Philippines
(Issued 25 March 1986)
Evidence item AQU-B1;
Supports the evidence item.
View source
-
Corazon Aquino
— Encyclopaedia Britannica
(Biographical reference; accessed 2026)
Evidence item AQU-C1;
Supports the evidence item.
View source
-
From Housewife to President: The Story of Cory Aquino
— Martial Law Museum
(Historical educational source; accessed 2026)
Evidence item AQU-C1;
Supports the evidence item.
View source
-
Corazon Aquino
— Encyclopaedia Britannica
(Biographical reference; accessed 2026)
Evidence item AQU-CA1;
Supports the evidence item.
View source
-
Proclamation No. 3, s. 1986
— Official Gazette of the Republic of the Philippines
(Issued 25 March 1986)
Evidence item AQU-CA1;
Supports the evidence item.
View source
-
From Housewife to President: The Story of Cory Aquino
— Martial Law Museum
(Historical educational source; accessed 2026)
Evidence item AQU-I1;
Supports the evidence item.
View source
-
Proclamation No. 3, s. 1986
— Official Gazette of the Republic of the Philippines
(Issued 25 March 1986)
Evidence item AQU-I1;
Supports the evidence item.
View source
-
Corazon Aquino
— Encyclopaedia Britannica
(Biographical reference; accessed 2026)
Evidence item AQU-J1;
Supports the evidence item.
View source
-
Philippine agrarian reform and the Mendiola Massacre
— Office of the Ombudsman of the Philippines
(Institutional study; accessed 2026)
Evidence item AQU-J1;
Supports the evidence item.
View source
-
From Housewife to President: The Story of Cory Aquino
— Martial Law Museum
(Historical educational source; accessed 2026)
Evidence item AQU-R1;
Supports the evidence item.
View source
-
Proclamation No. 3, s. 1986
— Official Gazette of the Republic of the Philippines
(Issued 25 March 1986)
Evidence item AQU-R1;
Supports the evidence item.
View source
-
Corazon Aquino
— Encyclopaedia Britannica
(Biographical reference; accessed 2026)
Evidence item AQU-V1;
Supports the evidence item.
View source
-
Philippine agrarian reform and the Mendiola Massacre
— Office of the Ombudsman of the Philippines
(Institutional study; accessed 2026)
Evidence item AQU-V1;
Supports the evidence item.
View source
-
Corazon Aquino
— Encyclopaedia Britannica
(Biographical reference; accessed 2026)
Evidence item AQU-W1;
Supports the evidence item.
View source
-
From Housewife to President: The Story of Cory Aquino
— Martial Law Museum
(Historical educational source; accessed 2026)
Evidence item AQU-W1;
Supports the evidence item.
View source
-
Philippine agrarian reform and the Mendiola Massacre
— Office of the Ombudsman of the Philippines
(Institutional study; accessed 2026)
Evidence item AQU-W1;
Supports the evidence item.
View source
Correction history
No corrections have been recorded.
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