Universal ethical claims
Rules against murder, theft, cruelty and deception protect interests that can be recognised across religious and non-religious worldviews. Duties of care likewise respond to observable needs such as hunger, illness, vulnerability and exclusion.
Tradition-specific obligations
Worship, blasphemy, ritual discipline and covenantal allegiance depend on theological or institutional commitments that are not shared by everyone.
A reasoned public ethic
A universal ethic should be supported by evidence, equal dignity, freedom of conscience, prevention of avoidable harm and fair treatment. Traditions may contribute insight without their authority claims being assumed in advance.