Abstain from Taking What Is Not Given

Names and terminology

Canonical name: Abstain from Taking What Is Not Given

Literal meaning

Avoid taking property, labour or value without legitimate consent.

Broader interpretation

This item should be interpreted within the historical purpose, intended audience and wider structure of its parent ethical framework.

Historical context

This item belongs to Ten Wholesome Courses of Action. Early Buddhist period; Indian subcontinent.

Practical meaning

Practical application requires attention to intention, consent, evidence, rights, foreseeable effects and the needs of all persons or beings affected.

Ethical purpose

To shape conduct, judgment or character in a way consistent with the wider framework.

Exceptions and disputes

Application may become difficult when duties conflict, consequences are uncertain, harm is indirect or historical assumptions no longer fit modern conditions.

Variations across schools or traditions

Wording and interpretation may vary between translations, denominations, schools and historical periods.

Modern application

Modern application should distinguish the historical formulation from present legal, social and ethical conditions.

Criticism and difficult cases

Application may become difficult when duties conflict, consequences are uncertain, harm is indirect or historical assumptions no longer fit modern conditions.

Truth By Reason analysis

Truth By Reason assesses this principle through evidence, intentions, rights, foreseeable consequences, consistency and the treatment of all affected beings.

Ethical themes

• Property
• Justice
• Non-stealing

Sources

• Saleyyaka Sutta: The Brahmins of Sala Primary source