Most significant positive evidence
Only limited credit is given for early reform promises and maintenance of some state services.
Person
Bashar al-Assad
The assessment covers Systematic torture, attacks on civilians, enforced disappearance, mass displacement and prolonged destructive warfare overwhelmingly dominate the record.
This is a contemporary assessment current to 26 June 2026. It must be revised as later conduct and evidence become available.
Ethical assessment categories
Current published result
Overall ethical score
-98.50
Reasoned summary
Only limited credit is given for early reform promises and maintenance of some state services. However, Systematic torture, attacks on civilians, enforced disappearance, mass displacement and prolonged destructive warfare overwhelmingly dominate the record.
This assessment presents six separate ethical dimensions rather than one overall moral score. Each result must be read with its evidence, plausible range, confidence, disputes, exclusions, severe-harm findings and sources.
Most significant negative evidence
Systematic torture, attacks on civilians, enforced disappearance, mass displacement and prolonged destructive warfare overwhelmingly dominate the record.
Read the full Bashar al-Assad ethical assessment, evidence and sources
Six-dimensional ethical profile
The overall figure is the equal-weight average of the applicable dimensions. It does not replace the separate scores, evidence or uncertainty.
- Personal moral conduct
- -98.00
- Rights and dignity
- -98.00
- Nonviolence and harm
- -98.00
- Stewardship of power
- -100.00
- Wisdom and truthfulness
- -98.00
- Consequential legacy
- -99.00
- Severe-harm record
- No separate finding recorded
Assessment history
Ethical assessment: Bashar al-Assad (2000–2024)
2000–2024 · Published assessment · reviewed June 26, 2026
Result: Six-dimensional ethical profile