PUT-C1
Aggressive war and mass societal harm
The invasion and occupation of Ukraine caused extensive death, injury, displacement and destruction under Putin's national leadership and command authority.
- Ethical axis
-
Benefit ↔ Harm
- Ethical direction
- Negative pole
- Evidence status
- Verified
- Period
- 2000–2026
- Affected scope
- Russian Federation and Russian-occupied territories
PUT-C2
Earlier economic and income recovery
Russia experienced substantial economic and per-capita-income growth during parts of the period beginning in 2000.
- Ethical axis
-
Benefit ↔ Harm
- Ethical direction
- Positive pole
- Evidence status
- Verified
- Period
- 2000–2026
- Affected scope
- Russian Federation and Russian-occupied territories
PUT-R1
Authoritarian consolidation and suppression
Political competition, civic space and independent criticism were progressively restricted under Putin's rule.
- Ethical axis
-
Freedom ↔ Oppression
- Ethical direction
- Negative pole
- Evidence status
- Verified
- Period
- 2000–2026
- Affected scope
- Russian Federation and Russian-occupied territories
PUT-V1
Concentration and abuse of state power
Presidential power, security agencies and state institutions were used to suppress opposition and pursue external aggression.
- Ethical axis
-
Restraint ↔ Abuse of power
- Ethical direction
- Negative pole
- Evidence status
- Verified
- Period
- 2000–2026
- Affected scope
- Russian Federation and Russian-occupied territories
PUT-I1
Command responsibility for foreseeable harm
The continuation and escalation of war occurred despite foreseeable mass civilian and regional consequences.
- Ethical axis
-
Responsibility ↔ Irresponsibility
- Ethical direction
- Negative pole
- Evidence status
- Verified
- Period
- 2000–2026
- Affected scope
- Russian Federation and Russian-occupied territories
PUT-CA1
Torture, forced transfer and civilian suffering
Documented conduct by Russian authorities includes torture, forced transfer and systematic mistreatment.
- Ethical axis
-
Compassion ↔ Cruelty
- Ethical direction
- Negative pole
- Evidence status
- Verified
- Period
- 2000–2026
- Affected scope
- Russian Federation and Russian-occupied territories
PUT-J1
Occupation and denial of Ukrainian sovereignty
Russia used force to seize territory and subject occupied populations to unlawful Russian authority.
- Ethical axis
-
Justice ↔ Injustice
- Ethical direction
- Negative pole
- Evidence status
- Verified
- Period
- 2000–2026
- Affected scope
- Russian Federation and Russian-occupied territories
PUT-W1
Strategic escalation and regional endangerment
The invasion produced prolonged war, international isolation, nuclear danger and large-scale destruction.
- Ethical axis
-
Prudence ↔ Recklessness
- Ethical direction
- Negative pole
- Evidence status
- Verified
- Period
- 2000–2026
- Affected scope
- Russian Federation and Russian-occupied territories
PUT-B1
Destruction of life on a mass scale
Russian state conduct during the assessed wars caused and continued immense preventable loss of life.
- Ethical axis
-
Respect for life ↔ Destruction of life
- Ethical direction
- Negative pole
- Evidence status
- Verified
- Period
- 2000–2026
- Affected scope
- Russian Federation and Russian-occupied territories